Item analysis is one of the most important elements of test construction. Statistical techniques can be used to carefully examine how a test item functions. This analysis can reveal how easy or difficult an item is and how well the item discriminates between test-takers. Item analysis can also reveal whether an item functions similarly when administered to different populations or when it is translated into another language. Classical test theory (CTT) and item-response theory (IRT) are the two commonly used methods of assessing test item characteristics.

Classical test theory focuses on an individuals observed score of an entire instrument, not just individual items. It assumes that test scores have two major influences: consistency factors and inconsistency factors. In other words, there are characteristics of the test taker that are consistent and reflect the amount of whatever is being measured that is possessed by the individual. The inconsistency factors are

Example Child Development Memes

Below are some examples of Child Development Memes. These memes have been collected from various sites but are here to just give you an example of what you can do. Students MAY NOT use memes that have already been created. Students MUST use an original photo or drawing to create their meme. 

Below is a thought-provoking meme that is promoting the acceptance of boys playing with dolls. 

Below is a thought-provoking & humorous meme that is promoting parents modeling reading as a way to facilitate children to read. 

Below is a thought-provoking meme that is promoting the ideal that there is pressure for men (not just women) to conform to unrealistic body standards. 

Below is humorous meme that is using Piaget's concept of Object Permanence. 

Below is a humorous meme that is

It is not uncommon to encounter leaders who are dysfunctional in some way. Leader dysfunction may arise from specific personality traits, distorted thinking, destructive patterns of behavior, or all of the above. In some cases, coaching is an appropriate response to leader dysfunction; in other cases, referring the leader to a therapist is best. Coaches must know when to draw the line.

In this Discussion, you will consider different types of leader dysfunction, the causes of the dysfunctions, and whether coaching is an appropriate response.

To Prepare:

• Read the articles The Dark Triad and Workplace Behavior, Abusive Supervision, Coaching the Toxic Leader, and Leadership Illusions: Important Implications for Leaders and Training and Coaching Leaders. Think about different types of leadership dysfunction, how to identify the dysfunction, and how it manifests within an organizational context.
• View the media resource, Asse

I need a 6 page paper, APA format for Ursula from "The Little Mermaid".  One of her psychological disorders is a sociopath.  I need a brief background on Ursula, description of her diagnosis and why she is diagnosed, and then come up with a treatment plan.  

References are a MUST for creating a treatment plan and explaining what led to the reasoning for the diagnosis.

For this Discussion, review this weeks Learning Resources including Appendices 1215 of the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Also review the Nutrition, Stress, and Your Cells handout and the Stress and Its Impact on Nutrient Processing and Absorption handout. Then, research nutritional approaches to stress management and select two that might be effective. Finally, consider any contraindications or cautions that might result in applying the approaches you selected.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post by Day 4 a brief description of two nutritional approaches you selected for stress management. Then explain why these approaches might be effective. Finally, explain any contraindications or cautions to using these two approaches and explain why. Be specific.

Readings

• Course Text: OConner, D. B., & Conner, M. (2011). Effects

For this Discussion, review this weeks Learning Resources including the Varying Philosophies of Medical Care handout. Research complementary and alternative stress management approaches in the Walden Library and on the website for the National Institutes of Healths National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) (). Select a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) discussed at NCCAM. Consider how the CAM you selected might effectively reduce stress. Reflect on any contraindications that might exist with regard to its use.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post by Day 3 a brief description of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) you selected. Then, explain how this CAM is effective in reducing stress. Finally, explain any contraindications or cautions with this type of stress management strategy. Use the current literature to support your response.

Readings

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review Chapter 8 in the course text, Psychology and Policing. Think about likely police professional reactions to stress.

Review the article, "The Relation Between Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Growth: A Study of First Responders to Trauma-Inducing Incidents." Consider the potential police reactions to trauma-inducing incidents.

Review the article, "Police Trauma and Addiction," and consider the connection between stress and addiction.

Review the article, "After Facing Traumatic Stress: Brain Activation, Cognition and Stress Coping in Policemen." Consider the possible reactions to stress that police professionals could have and why.

Review the article, "Predictors of Police Suicide Ideation," and think about the possible negative reactions to stress that police professionals could experience.

Select two possible reactions to, or outcomes of, stress that police

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review Chapter 8 from your course text, Psychology and Policing. Think about the various stressors police professionals encounter and consider their impact. Focus on interventions (e.g., services, consultations, assistance) that forensic psychology professionals could use to mitigate these stressors.

Review the article, "Acute Stress and Performance in Police Recruits." Consider interventions that forensic psychology professionals could provide police professionals early in their careers to reduce psychological risk.

Review the interactive time line depicting the lifespan of Officer Richard Walker, and consider the psychological risks that are present throughout his lifespan. Think about the points in this lifespan when interventions by forensic psychology professionals could make a difference or impact the outcome of Walker's reaction to psychological risks.

Select two points of ti

Giving your input. Each student will be required to participate in the discussion topics.  Consider issue and give well-reasoned responses as your present and respond to the posts of others.

Students are required to make an initial post to EACH of the discussion topics within the first two weeks of the beginning of the course. (Jan 30) 

You are required to make a minimum of four posts to each discussion topic.

1.  Make an initial post (100 word minimum)  to EACH of the four discussion topics within the first two weeks of the beginning of the course.

2.  Students are required to make at least three reflective posts (100 word minimum) to the comments of other students.   

Students must begin by first stating I believe your main (basic)point was.  You may then proceed to discuss your viewpoint and advance or clar