From Plantation to Ghetto

The period from the 1890s until the mid 1920s was marked by very significant events in the African American community. From the disagreement between Booker T Washington and W.E.B. Dubois concerning education, to the founding of the NAACP and the Urban League, World War I, race riots the Great Migration, the growth of the KKK and the Pan Africanism of Marcus Garvey and others, black lives changed little although there were some very positive developments. Perhaps the most interesting and significant event was the Harlem Renaissance which brought great black talents to the fore. Choose two of these developments and discuss its importance to the black community and their struggle for equal rights.

Below is a discussion response to the paragraph above.

The NAACP has and is continuously making positive impacts on the black community.  The NAACP is an important factor in relation to the progression of the black community as well.  The purpose of the NAACP was to ensure political, social, economic, and educational equality for the minority.  The NAACP was established in 1909 and is currently the oldest and largest civil rights organization (History.com Editors, 2019).  The NAACP has fought for equality for the black community for many years.  The organization was founded by a mixed race of activists.
The Anti-Lynching Campaign was one of the NAACP campaigns that aided in improving the black communities’ struggle.  The campaign took place in 1917 as a silent march to protest lynchings and violence against blacks.  The campaign brought out approximately 10,000 people in New York City (History.com Editors, 2019).  It was a very large demonstration in America that was against racial violence.  The NAACP played a major role in the Civil Rights Era.  One of the organization’s biggest victories was the Brown v. Board of Education decision that removed segregation in public schools (History.com Editors, 2020).  This movement alone made a tremendous impact on the black communities right to receive an equal education.  Without this case, the future education of the black community could have been different.  The NAACP assisted in organizing the March on Washington, which helped to understand the racial and economic injustice.  The march shed light on job discrimination and state-sponsored racism.
If not for the NAACP the black communitys progression may have been shortened.  With the efforts of the NAACP, the black community has been able to prosper and continue to break barriers from all walks of life.  Today the group continues to push to resolve issues of inequality in jobs, education, healthcare, and the criminal justice system.

The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a positive turning point for the black community.  The Harlem Renaissance provided a platform for African American writers and artists to have control over how the black culture was represented.  During the 1930s it was known as the New Negro Movement (Johnston, 2015).  Harlem became a place where black writers, musicians, artists, poets, photographers and more could freely express their talents and thoughts.  The Great Migration was a key contributor to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance.  The Harlem Renaissance was important to the black community as it produced a new black cultural identity.  It allows blacks to have social pride and appreciation for roots and culture.
The Harlem Renaissance aided in the struggle of the black community to receive the equal right to express themselves and to change the narrative of the black community.  The Harlem Renaissance broke barriers for many generations of black artists, musicians, and writers.  The artists wanted to gain control over the representation of black culture.  Prior to World War I, black painters and sculptors had rarely concerned themselves with African American subject matter. By the end of the 1920s, however, back artists had begun developing styles related to black aesthetic traditions or folk art (Johnston, 2015).  The Harlem Renaissance helped shaped the image of the black culture and shed light on the creativity of the culture.  Ensuring that other races had an understanding of what the black culture represented.  The events helped to shape the rights black artists now have and the acceptance of black creativity.

History.com Editors. (2019, March 12). NAACP. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/naacp
Johnston, J. (2015, April 29). Harlem Renaissance Summary. Retrieved from https://scalar.usc.edu/works/harlem-renaissance/harlem-renaissance-summary
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NAACP
[1]The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909 and is America’s oldest and largest civil rights organization. Throughout its hundred years of existence, the association has fought all manifestations of racial segregation and discrimination and demanded equal rights and opportunity for all Americans regardless of race and color. Its preeminent goals have been the full integration and participation of African Americans and other racial minorities in the promise of American democracy. [2]Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the association led the black civil rights struggle in fighting injustices such as the denial of voting rights, racial violence, discrimination in employment, and segregated public facilities. Dedicated to the goal of an integrated society, the national leadership has always been interracial, although the membership has remained predominantly African American. In the early decades of the NAACPs, its anti-lynching campaign was its main agenda. During the 1950s and 1960s ( Civil Rights Era), the group won major legal victories, and today the NAACP has more than 2,200 branches and some half a million members worldwide. [3]During the final decades of the 20th century, the NAACP experienced financial difficulties and some members charged that the organization lacked direction. Today, the NAACP is focused on such issues as inequality in jobs, education, health care, and the criminal justice system, as well as protecting voting rights. The group also has pushed for the removal of Confederate flags and statues from public property.

Berg, Manfred. “National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People.” In Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present. : Oxford University Press, 2009. https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780195167795.001.0001/acref-9780195167795-e-0862.
Separate Is Not Equal – Brown v. Board of Education. Accessed April 8, 2020. https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/index.html.
History.com Editors. NAACP. History.com. A&E Television Networks, October 29, 2009. https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/naacp.

Pan Africanism
[1]Pan-Africanism represents the complexities of black political and intellectual thought over two hundred years.  Pan-Africanism reflects a range of political views.  At a basic level, it is belief that African people, both on the African continent and in the Diaspora, share not merley a common history, but common destiny.  [2]Pan-Africanism served as both a cultural and political ideology for the solidarity of peoples of African descent. Most notably championed and pioneered by Marcus Garvey, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kwame Nkrumah, Pan-Africanism aims to connect and understand the universal injustices within the Diaspora. However, the past Pan-Africanist calls of Garvey, Kenyatta, Nkrumah and countless others have translated into modernity; as neo-black liberation movements are advocating for the socio-economic, political and even psychological independence from those under colonial and now, neo-colonial regimes.[3] Marcus Garvey was an orator for the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. Garvey advanced a Pan-African philosophy which inspired a global mass movement, known as Garveyism. Garveyism would eventually inspire others, from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement. [4] Molefi Kete Asante, professor and chair of the Africology and African American studies department at Temple University in Philadelphia, describes Marcus Garvey as probably the most significant African political genius that has ever livedHe infused the idea of black self-sufficiency in all of the societies and communities in the black world the idea of you can organize and create institutions that fight for your own liberation, Asante says. He says Garvey is also responsible for symbols such as the red, green and black Pan-African flag.

Why Pan-Africanism Is Important for the #BlackLivesMatter Movement. For Harriet | Celebrating the Fullness of Black Womanhood. Accessed April 8, 2020. http://www.forharriet.com/2015/07/why-pan-africanism-is-important-for.html.
Why Pan-Africanism Is Important for the #BlackLivesMatter Movement. For Harriet | Celebrating the Fullness of Black Womanhood. Accessed April 8, 2020. http://www.forharriet.com/2015/07/why-pan-africanism-is-important-for.html.
Friedman, Jordan. From Jamaica’s Marcus Garvey Came an African Vision of Freedom. USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, February 15, 2018. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/02/14/black-history-month-marcus-garvey/1004478001/.

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